Nitrofurantoin is an anti-bacterial that is used to treat urinary tract infections caused by many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria.

This drug works by interfering with the bacterial metabolism of carbohydrate and also disrupting the formation of the bacterial cell wall.

Three forms are available: a microcrystalline form (Furadantin®), a macrocrystalline form (Macrodantin®), and a sustained release macrocrystalline form used twice daily (Macrobid®). The macrocrystalline form is more slowly absorbed than the microcrystalline version and is useful for patients who cannot tolerate this second type of medication.

Note: Nitrofurantoin must never be used to treat pyelonephritis, renal abscess, pyeloempyema or any urinary tract infection other than cystitis because of its extremely poor tissue penetration and low blood levels.

 

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